CBSE released the syllabus for the academic session 2019-20

                         

CBSE has released the syllabus for the academic session 2019-20. We are providing here the latest syllabus for CBSE Class 10 Maths. CBSE syllabus for class 10 Maths gives details of topics and lessons to be prepared throughout the year. It also mentions the unit-wise weight age and question paper design for the 2020 examinations. Thus, students are advised to thoroughly go through the CBSE Class 9 Maths syllabus before they start studying for the new session. It will be quite helpful to structure your study plan and work in a productive way.

Contents of CBSE Class 10 Maths syllabus 2019-20:

·         Unit-wise weightage

·         Prescribed topics and sub topics in each unit

·         Question paper design for the annual board examination

·         Components of Internal Assessment

·         Prescribed books

Units	Unit Name	Marks
I	NUMBER SYSTEMS	06
II	ALGEBRA	20
III	COORDINATE GEOMETRY	06
IV	GEOMETRY	15
V	TRIGONOMETRY	12
VI	MENSURATION	10
VII	STATISTICS & PROBABILTY	11
	Total	80

PRESCRIBED BOOKS:

Different School Boards in Indian Education System, One Should have knowledge

Different School Boards in Indian Education System, One Should have knowledge

About a decades ago one, you were not required to look into the information regarding the various school boards in Indian Education system. Deciding the appropriate school board for your ward out of number of options is a confusing matter for parents. The Central Board Of Secondary Education(CBSE) and The Indian Council Of Secondary Education (ICSE) were the two prominent leading Boards in Indian School Education. But in this advanced and upgraded era number of more best options have been added to the list of Boards for best schooling for parents. With more choices comes more confusions. 
                               Here we bring solution for parents to provide help in knowing the details of different school boards in Indian Education System including Examination, assessment, curriculum criteria. Here you will get a fair idea about the features and benefits offered by different school boards in India.

India Schools offer both Indian and International Syllabi namely:
1. CBSE: Central Board of Secondary Education
2. CISCE: Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE)
3. IB: International Baccalaureate
4. IGCSE: International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) Cambridge University
5. State Board:State Government Recognised Board

Let’s consider each one of them….

CBSE (CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION)

The CBSE is the most popular board in India Controlled and governed by UNION GOVERNMENT of INDIA. A Board which follows universal pattern is the first choice for parents with transferable Jobs. CBSE affiliates All Kendriya Vidyalayas, All Jawahar NaVodaya Vidyalayas, Private Schools and Schools approved by Central government Of India.The Board has global presence with nearly 145 affiliated schools across 21 countries.CBSE always works with a vision to provide stress-free education by adapting innovative teaching methods infused with psychological and instructive principles.

                The Board has decentralised its administration which helped to execute its functions effectively and mantain the educational standards across the country. Regional Offices have been set up in different parts of the country to be more responsive to affiliated schools. It has its regional office in Ajmer, Chennai, Allahabad, Guwahati, Chandigarh and Delhi.

SYLLABUS: CBSE syllabus more or less focuses on preparing students for Engineering and Medical Entrance Examination. All National entrance Examination are conducted as per CBSE syllabus. The Board emphasis on the use of NCERT books which forms the basis of all Entrance exams.

EXAMINATION: The two major examinations conducted by CBSE are All India Secondary School Examination (AISSE) for Class 10th and All India Senior School Certificate Examination(AISSCE) for Class 12th. It also conducts JOINT ENTRANCE EXAMINATION(JEE) for admission to premium Engineering Colleges in India and All India Pre-Medical Test(AIPMT) for admission to medical colleges in India.

FACTS

• Total Number of Schools Affiliated with CBSE: 14808
• Areas of Operation: 25 Countries including India, Malaysia, Dubai etc
• Major entrance exams syllabus based on CBSE viz. IIT, AIPMT etc

ADVANTAGES

1) The diversity factor in schools with CBSE board is high as more students from different backgrounds are likely to end up in the same class.

2) Quality of Content (No Errors/ No Printing Mistakes) in Textbooks’ is good.

3) Continuous And Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE), a new system of education implemented by CBSE for students of sixth to tenth grades. It removes the marking system and introduces grading system based on a series of curricular and extracurricular activities.

4) Easy to find tutors, books and activities for all classes.

5) Focus on Science and Mathematics as well as application based subjects.

6) Recognition by all colleges in India.

7) Centralized system for transferring across all CBSE schools.

8) Numerous talent search examinations and scholarship exams such as SSTSE, NSEB, NSEC etc held at local and national level base their content on CBSE syllabus just because it is more prevalent.

DISADVANTAGES

1) Although Major Entrance Exams syllabus is based on CBSE, the fact that the seats for those courses are open for all students in India. And colleges which are coming under state universities have more reserved seats for students from state boards. So students from CBSE board who wouldn’t crack entrance exams face problems in getting admission in state university colleges as they have very less number of seats for CBSE Board quota.

2) Fees can be on the high side for some schools.

3) There aren’t enough options to explore in the field of Arts and Literature.

CISCE (Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations)

The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examination(CISCE) is a private non-governmental board of school education in India. The main objective of ICSE is to provide high quality education to students through a practical approach. It Encourage students to choose across diverse streams/subjects for Class 12th by putting equal emphasis on science, arts, and language subjects especially English.

SYLLABUS: CISCE syllabus is more vast and comprehensive in comparison with that of CBSE. It has structured in away to give practical knowledge and build analytical skills required for the overall development of a student.

EXAMINATION: This body conducts 3 examinations, namely

• ICSE (Indian certificate secondary education) exam for class 10

• ISC (Indian school certificate) exam for class 12

• CVE (Certificate for vocational education) exam for class 12

FACTS

• Total Number of Schools Affiliated with CISCE: Approx. 1000
•  Subjects Offered ICSE in 2013-14 with 23 Indian languages and 12 are foreign languages.
• Areas of Operation: India, UAE, Singapore, Indonesia
• Subjects Offered ISC in 2013- 15 with 23 Indian languages and 12 are foreign languages.

ADVANTAGES

1. Course curriculum is wide, covering a range of topics to explore overall growth of students.

2. CISCE prefers to give more practical Knowledge and focus more on analytical skills.

3. Subject selection options available to students to follow their liking for a particular subject.

4. The CISCE board has equal focus on languages, science and art and encourages students to choose across diverse topics / subjects for their Class-12 exam.

DISADVANTAGES

1. Students may find syllabus a bit difficult.

2. Students would find it hard to shift to other boards or Pre-Science Colleges (11-12 Standards)

3. Higher Fees

4. Although Major Entrance Exams syllabus is based on CISCE, the fact that the seats for those courses are open for all students in India. And colleges which are coming under state universities have more reserved seats for students from state boards. So students from CISCE board who wouldn’t crack entrance exams face problems in getting admission in state university colleges as they have very less number of seats for CISCE Board.

 IB (INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE)

Formerly the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO), is an international educational foundation headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland and founded in 1968. It is a a no-profit educational organization that offers prime quality programmes for children aged between 3 to 19yrs. The IB schools are considered prestigious at the same very expensive. It focuses on Analytical skills, language, Arts and HUmanities. The purpose of the IB is to produce global citizens.

SYLLABUS: IB has international curriculum where subjects are taught in an integrated way in order to avoid a fragmented approach. Students are given free liberty to explore across countries.

EXAMINATION: It offers 3 educational programs, namely

• PYP or Primary year program for KG to Class-5

• MYP or Middle year program for Class-6 to Class-10

• DP or Diploma program for Class-11 and Class-12

FACTS

• Number of Schools: Approx 3500 worldwide & 130 in India.

• Areas of Operations: 144 Countries including India, USA, UK, Australia etc.

ADVANTAGES

1. International Board recognized by most of the Universities of the world.

2. Students can apply to Foreign Universities wherein CBSE and ICSE board is not recognized.

3. Recognized by UNESCO, Council of Europe, Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF)

4. Curriculum based on application and experimentation.

5. Better Infrastructure of Schools.

6. Best option if parents are NRI, or are planning to move abroad.

DISADVANTAGES

1. Fee is on the higher side.

2. Found only in metropolitan cities and Tier-1 cities of India

3. Difficult for students to shift boards if need arises.

4. Tuition, Books not easily available.

IGCSE (INTERNATIONAL GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION)

IGCSE is an academically rigorous, internationally used, specialised, English language curriculum which is offered to students to prepare them for International Baccalaureate and CIE A-level.

SYLLABUS: Cambridge International offers a choice of over 70 subjects at IGCSE level and over 55subjects, which makes it one of the most flexible education boards in India. Schools can shape the curriculum around how they want students to learn. A lot of emphasis is put on English Language and students are encouraged to propel their creativity through a variety of writings. Then there is additional focus on foreign language too.

EXAMINATION:

• Cambridge Primary, typically for learners aged 5 to 11 years

• Cambridge Secondary 1

• Cambridge Secondary 2 is typically for learners aged 14 to 16 years. It offers learners two routes: Cambridge IGCSE and Cambridge O Level.

• Cambridge Advanced is typically for learners aged 16 to 19 years who need advanced study to prepare for university and higher education. It offers learners two routes: Cambridge International AS and A Level, and Cambridge Pre-U.

FACTS

• Number of Schools: Approx 200 in India

• Areas of Operations: 120 Countries including India, USA, UK.

ADVANTAGES

1. International Board recognized by most of the Universities of the world.

2. Students can apply to Foreign Universities wherein CBSE and ICSE board is not recognized.

3. More advanced curriculum and variety of subjects to choose from.

4. More emphasis on English and Technical Subjects

5. Best option if parents are NRI, or are planning to move abroad.

DISADVANTAGES

1. Fee is on the higher side.

2. Found only in metropolitan cities and Tier-1 cities of India

3. Difficult for students to shift boards if need arises.

4. Tuitions, Books not easily available.

STATE BOARDS

Every State Government imparts Primary, Secondary and Higher Secondary Education in its respective state. State boards are specific to each State and follows separate syllabus and grading methodogy. It focusses on State Level topics and content of Local Relevance which helps students in preparing for state level engineering and Medical Entrance tests.

SYLLABUS: Regional languages and culture have a prominent place in the syllabus. The syllabus is usually limited when compared to other. some state boards have ordered all their schools to follow NCERT books only which are important for students to prepare for All India Examinations.

EXAMINATION

• SSC: Secondary School Certificate, 10 Board Exams

• HSC: Higher School Certificate, 12 Board Exams

FACTS

• Areas of Operations: Every State and Union Territory of India

ADVANTAGES

1. Favourable for parents without Transferable Jobs.

2. Easily available Textbook, Teachers.

3. Moderately loaded curriculum giving options for Students to explore more extracurricular activities like Dancing and Sports.

4. Lower Fees.

5. More reserved seats within the state recognised colleges

DISADVANTAGES

1. Depends wholly on the State government’s competence to maintain quality of education.

2. Quality of Teaching varies according to school.

3. Might Lack in basic facilities.

4. Quality of Content (No Errors/ No Printing Mistakes) may be questionable.

Hope you have found more clarity regarding which board to select for your young ones.

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The Psychology Of How Human Learn

                                                                                       Psychologists often define learning as a relatively permanent change in behaviour as a result of experience. The psychology of learning focuses on a range of topics related to how people learn and interact with their environments.

One of the first thinkers to study how learning influences behaviour was the psychologist John Watson who suggested that all behaviours are a result of the learning process. The school of thought that emerged from Watson's work was known as behaviourism. The behavioural school of thought proposed studying internal thoughts, memories, and other mental processes was too subjective. Psychology, the behaviourists believed, should be the scientific study of observable behaviour. Behaviourism thrived during the first half of the twentieth-century and contributed a great deal to our understanding of some important learning processes.

Understanding the learning process is a key element of educational learning theory and provides a framework for teachers and trainers to plan, create and deliver effective lessons and assess each student's learning.

One important thing to remember is that learning can involve both beneficial and negative behaviours. Learning is a natural and ongoing part of life that takes place continually, both for better and for worse. Sometimes people learn things that help them become more knowledgeable and lead better lives. In other instances, people can learn things that are detrimental to their overall health and well-being.

Types of Learning:

1. Motor learning:

Most of our activities in our day-to-days life refer to motor activities. The individual has to learn them in order to maintain his regular life, for example walking, running, skating, driving, climbing, etc. All these activities involve the muscular coordination.

2. Verbal learning:

This type of learning involves the language we speak, the communication devices we use. Signs, pictures, symbols, words, figures, sounds, etc, are the tools used in such activities. We use words for communication.

3. Concept learning:

It is the form of learning which requires higher order mental processes like thinking, reasoning, intelligence, etc. we learn different concepts from childhood. For example, when we see a dog and attach the term ‘dog’, we learn that the word dog refers to a particular animal. Concept learning involves two processes, viz. abstraction and generalisation. This learning is very useful in recognising, identifying things.

4. Discrimination learning:

Learning to differentiate between stimuli and showing an appropriate response to these stimuli is called discrimination learning. Example, sound horns of different vehicles like bus, car, ambulance, etc.

5. Learning of principles:

Individuals learn certain principles related to science, mathematics, grammar, etc. in order to manage their work effectively. These principles always show the relationship between two or more concepts. Example: formulae, laws, associations, correlations, etc.

6. Problem solving:

This is a higher order learning process. This learning requires the use of cognitive abilities-such as thinking, reasoning, observation, imagination, generalization, etc. This is very useful to overcome difficult problems encountered by the people.

7. Attitude learning:

Attitude is a predisposition which determines and directs our behaviour. We develop different attitudes from our childhood about the people, objects and everything we know. Our behaviour may be positive or negative depending upon our attitudes. Example: attitudes of nurse towards her profession, patients, etc.

STATE ACADEMIC STANDARD: What You need to know as Educator, Parent

STATE ACADEMIC STANDARD: What You need to know as Educator, Parent

                                                                                         At present time students are in the time where they are preparing to enter a world in which every field is very much demanding. To ensure all type of student are ready for success after high school, it was very required to have some guidelines consistent for what every student should know and be able to do in subjects Maths, Language from kindergarten to 12th class. For this reason Common core State Standards was established.
The common core is a set of academic standards for which every student is expected to learn in each grade level, from the very beginning of school kindergarten. They cover Maths and English Language Arts.
        The Standards are publicly available to read. For Example, a Common core maths standard for 1st class is that student should be able to add and subtract with number 20 by end of academic year. A common core ELA standard is that students should be able to decode one-syllable words at end of first grade. Today 35 states and District of Columbia use the Common core in schools. The other states either never adopted or adopted it but are rewriting or replacing it. As schools begin to think about what the new standards will look in the classrooms, its important to make sure that, as a parent, you are part of that conversation. Here are answers to questions you might have about standards and what they might mean for your child.
How do you know what your child is expected to learn this school year and next? The answer is in your state Academic Standards.

How Academic Standards Set Learning Expectation

The goal of academic standards is to make sure all students are taught the same core, fundamental skills. This is part of what schools call general education.academic standards are what school students are expected to learn in reading, Maths and other subjects. Standards are set by grade. They begin in kindergarten and continue through requirement for high school graduation.For example, a first-grade standard might require students to learn to retell stories and understand their key messages. A fourth-grade standard might require students to learn how to multiply a fraction by a whole number.

Academic Standards vs. Curriculum and Testing

Academic standards are different from curriculum. Standards tell you what your child is expected to learn. Curriculum is the content that’s taught to help your child meet the standards. While the first-grade standard might be to retell a story, the first-grade curriculum might include books like Ira Sleepsover by Bernard.

Sometimes people confuse standards with standardised testing. They aren’t the same, though they are related. Standardised testing is when you give the same test to all or many students in a school system to see if they’re meeting the standards. Testing helps hold schools accountable for what students are supposed to learn.

Who Sets Academic Standards and Curriculum

Traditionally in the United States, education is considered a state responsibility. States and local communities set academic standards and curriculum.

You can find your state standards on the website for your state's department of education. Your local school must follow these standards. However, the school may add more requirements and has some say over how standards are taught. (Keep in mind that private school don’t have to follow state academic standards. If your child is home schooled the rules vary by state.)

Academic Standards and Kids With Learning and Attention Issues

Students with learning and attention issues aren’t exempt from academic standards. Like their peers, they’re expected to meet the standards and learn certain skills in each grade.f your child isn’t meeting academic standards, there are things you can do. You can reach out to your child's teacher for help. You can request an evaluation. 

T

CURRICULUM DESIGN:Education replace empty mind with Open Mind

                                              As it is said that a brief answer is hard to give so is applied to CURRICULUM. Curriculum can be both written and unwritten. essentially, it is what the school is attempting to teach which might include social behaviour as well content and thinking skills. A course of study that will enable the learner to acquire specific knowledge and skills. A curriculum consists of the "road map" or "guideline" of any given discipline. Both the philosophy of teaching of the instructors as well as of the educational institution serve as two of the principles upon which a curriculum is based.
A curriculum is the combination of instructional practices, learning experiences, and students' performance assessment that are designed to bring out and evaluate the target learning outcomes of a particular course.
A detailed plan for instruction set by policy-makers.Curriculum is the goals, assessments, methods, and materials used to teach a particular skill or subject. I include thinking under "skill.I feel that curriculum is anything which is planned and designed to sequentially improve students' knowledge and skills

CURRICULUM DESIGN

                                           Curriculum design is a term used to describe the purposeful, deliberate and systematic organization of curriculum with in a class. In simple words, we may say it is a way for teachers to plan instruction. when an educationist design curriculum, they identify what will be done, who will do it, and what schedule to follow. teacher design each curriculum with a specific educational purpose in mind. The ultimate goal is to improve student learning,  but there are other reasons to employ curriculum design well. For instance, designing a curriculum for middle school students with both elementary and high school curricula in mind helps to make sure that learning goals are aligned and complemented each other from one stage to the next. 

Types of Curriculum Design

There are three basic types of curriculum design:

• Subject-centred design
• Learner-centred design
• Problem-centred design

Subject-Centred Curriculum Design

                                                       Subject-centred curriculum design describes what needs to be studied and how it should be studied. Core curriculum is an example of a subject-centred design which can be standardised across schools, states, and the country as a whole. In standardised core curricula, teachers are provided a pre-determined list of things that they need to teach their students, along with specific examples of how these things should be taught. You can also find subject-centred designs in large college classes in which teachers focus on a particular subject or discipline. 

The primary drawback of subject-centred curriculum design is that it is not student-centred. In particular, this form of curriculum design is constructed without taking into account the specific learning styles of the students

Learner-Centred Curriculum Design

                                                        learner-centred curriculum design takes each individual's needs, interests, and goals into consideration. In other words, it acknowledges that students are not uniform and adjusts to those student needs. Learner-centred curriculum design is meant to empower learners and allow them to shape their education through choices. Instructional plans in a learner centred curriculum are differentiated, giving students the opportunity to choose assignments, learning experiences or activities. this can motivates students and help them stay engaged in the material that they are learning. Teachers may not have the time or may lack the experience or skills to create such a plan. Learner-centred curriculum design also requires that teachers balance student wants and interests with student needs and required outcomes, which is not an easy balance to obtain.

Problem-Centered Curriculum Design

Like learner-centered curriculum design, problem-centered curriculum design is also a form of student-centered design. Problem-centered curricula focus on teaching students how to look at a problem and come up with a solution to the problem. Students are thus exposed to real-life issues, which helps them develop skills that are transferable to the real world. 

Problem-centered curriculum design increases the relevance of the curriculum and allows students to be creative and innovate as they are learning. The drawback to this form of curriculum design is that it does not always take learning styles into consideration. 

Curriculum Design Tips

The following curriculum design tips can help educators manage each stage of the curriculum design process.

• Identify the needs of students 
• Create a clear list of learning goals and outcomes.
• Identify constraints 
•  Consider creating a curriculum map 
• Identify instructional methods
• Establish evaluation methods . 
• Remember that curriculum design is not a one-step process;

•